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https://dtsc.ca.gov/lead-in-jewelry-faqs/
The manufacturer or supplier of jewelry must be able to provide certification that the jewelry (including each component) does not contain a level of lead that would prohibit the jewelry from being sold or offered for sale in California, pursuant to California’s Metal-Containing Jewelry law, no matter what material is used to make the jewelry.
https://dtsc.ca.gov/toxics-in-products/lead-in-jewelry-certification/
California law requires that a manufacturer or supplier of jewelry be able to certify that its jewelry complies with the lead and cadmium restrictions in the Metal-Containing Jewelry law. More specifically, a manufacturer or supplier of jewelry sold or offered for sale in California must either provide the certification to a person selling or offering to sell that jewelry or display the certification prominently on the shipping container or packaging of the jewelry.
https://dtsc.ca.gov/toxics-in-products/lead-in-jewelry-compliance/
Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corporation, et al. (Alameda Superior Court Lead Case No. RG04-162075) is deemed to be in compliance with California law. SB 646 also revised the definition of the term “jewelry” to include tie clips and clarified certification requirements for jewelry …
https://dtsc.ca.gov/toxics-in-products/metal-containing-jewelry-law/
California enacted the Lead-Containing Jewelry Law (now called the Metal-Containing Jewelry law) to limit the amount of lead in jewelry, including children’s jewelry and body piercing jewelry. The law forbids a person to manufacture, ship, sell, or offer for retail sale or offer for promotional purposes jewelry in California unless it is made entirely from one or more of the materials specified in the law.
https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2017/05/Lead-in-Jewelry-FAQs.pdf
Lead is used in jewelry-making for several reasons. First, it makes the base metal easier to shape and form. Second, it makes jewelry heavier, so it seems more substantial. Lastly, lead is cheaper to use than other metals, such as zinc. Lead is also sometimes used as a stabilizer in some plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is often incorporated into children’s jewelry items.
https://www.rings-things.com/Learn/Jewelry-Safety/
Many components deemed suitable by California for use in retail jewelry still require Prop. 65 labeling. For example, rhinestone crystals and other leaded-glass parts require a Prop. 65 "lead warning" label even though they are Class 1 suitable materials under California's "lead in jewelry" law.
https://www.rings-things.com/Learn/Lead/
As a rule of thumb, if a cast item isn't certified "lead free," or if the price seems too good to be true, it probably contains some lead. These items can and often do still comply with strict laws, though! Many cast and other base-metal components comply with California's lead-in-adult-jewelry law by maintaining a low percentage of lead by weight.
https://www.jgoodin.com/blogs/articles/california-proposition-65-jewelry-law
Many components deemed suitable by California for use in retail jewelry still require Prop. 65 labeling. For example, Swarovski® crystals and other leaded-glass parts require a Prop. 65 “lead warning” label even though they are Class 1 suitable materials under California’s “lead in jewelry” law.
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