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http://www.silvercollection.it/DICTIONARYEUHALLMARKGERMANY.HTML
Since 1888 Germany uses uniform marks for silver and gold. These marks are the "Crescent and crown" (Halbmond und Reichskrone) for silver and the "Sun and Crown" (Sonne und Reichskrone) for gold. In addition the fine content and maker's marks are used. Minimum silver fineness is 800/1000, but 830, 835, 900, 925 and 935 purities are also used.
https://www.langantiques.com/university/hallmarks-makers-marks-resource-list/
German marks. Rosenberg (1922), Der Goldschmiede Merkzeichen; French Marks. Chaffers & Markham (1899), Hand Book to French Hall Marks on Gold and Silver Plate; Cripps (1880), Old French Plate, a Handbook for the Collector; British Marks. Chaffers (1899), Gilda Aurifabrorum: A History of English Goldsmiths and Plateworkers, and their Marks ...
https://www.mygoldguide.in/understanding-gold-hallmarking-standards-european-countries
May 21, 2018 · An eagle's head indicates a gold purity of at least 18-karat. The Law requires all gold jewellery to have a minimum purity of 18-karat, items that are intended for export may be marked with the pictorial marks for 9 and 14-karat. The mark of the maker needs to be in a lozenge shield with the initials of the maker incorporated in it
https://www.langantiques.com/university/hallmarks-on-period-jewelry/
When one finds a purity mark of 18k, it indicates that the alloy to create the jewelry from is made out of 18 parts of gold and 6 parts of other metal. To translate that to percentages we divide 18 by 24 and multiply it by 100. In the case of 18 karat gold, the simple equation will be (18/24) x 100 = 75%.
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